Taraxacum kok-saghyz

Genomes, annotations
& sequencing data.

A research collection for rubber dandelion. Find a reference, its matching files and the studies behind the data.

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Organized by data type and genome.
Accessions and references kept together.

THE COLLECTION

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35 records · grouped by data type

Genome assemblies

4

Nuclear reference sequences, with each assembly version kept separate.

Nuclear genomesDeposition pending

OSU TarKok 3.0

OH-1004 · version 3.0
Release file inventory (TSV)

Nuclear reference, structural and functional annotations, repeat features and comparative orthology.

Files, inventory & details

Zenodo downloads pending. The release inventory lists 37 supplied files; a DOI and data links will be added after deposition.

Zenodo downloads pending. File names and sizes are listed below. The inventory contains metadata, not the sequence files.

Assembly
1,192,836,847 bp
Protein-coding genes
34,637
Transcripts
39,326
Sequences
658 · 8 chromosome-scale scaffolds
Reference sequencesFASTA · 2 files
  • 01_reference/OSU_TarKok_3.0_nuclear.final.fa1.21 GB

    Nuclear reference genome: 658 sequences, 1,192,836,847 bp.

  • 01_reference/OSU_TarKok_3.0_nuclear.softmasked.fa1.21 GB

    Softmasked nuclear reference genome: 658 sequences, 1,192,836,847 bp; lowercase bases mark repeats (924,495,754 bp; 77.504%).

Nuclear genomesPublic

OSU TarKok 2.0

GCA_047496595.1
NCBI Datasets

Public nuclear assembly and submitted annotation from Ohio State. NCBI Datasets provides the available sequence and annotation download options.

All links & study details

Earlier version. Do not use this accession as a download for OSU TarKok 3.0.

Gene & genome annotations

7

Gene models, coding sequences, proteins and other annotated features.

Nuclear genomesDeposition pending

OSU TarKok 3.0

OH-1004 · version 3.0
Release file inventory (TSV)

Nuclear reference, structural and functional annotations, repeat features and comparative orthology.

Files, inventory & details

Zenodo downloads pending. The release inventory lists 37 supplied files; a DOI and data links will be added after deposition.

Zenodo downloads pending. File names and sizes are listed below. The inventory contains metadata, not the sequence files.

Assembly
1,192,836,847 bp
Protein-coding genes
34,637
Transcripts
39,326
Sequences
658 · 8 chromosome-scale scaffolds
Gene models, CDS & proteinsGFF3 · FASTA · TSV · 6 files
  • 02_structural/OSU_TarKok_3.0_nuclear.BRAKER3.gff352.5 MB

    BRAKER3 protein-coding gene models: 34,637 genes and 39,326 transcripts. GFF3 coordinates are 1-based and inclusive.

  • 02_structural/OSU_TarKok_3.0_nuclear.UTR_augmented.gff385.6 MB

    Nuclear gene models with exons and untranslated regions (UTRs). GFF3 coordinates are 1-based and inclusive.

  • 02_structural/OSU_TarKok_3.0_nuclear.cds.fa43.7 MB

    Coding DNA sequences (CDS) for 39,326 nuclear transcripts; FASTA identifiers are transcript IDs.

  • 02_structural/OSU_TarKok_3.0_nuclear.longest_valid_per_gene.aa12.9 MB

    One representative protein sequence per nuclear gene: 34,637 proteins; FASTA identifiers are transcript IDs.

  • 02_structural/OSU_TarKok_3.0_nuclear.proteins.all_isoforms.fa14.9 MB

    Protein sequences for all 39,326 nuclear transcript isoforms; FASTA identifiers are transcript IDs.

  • 02_structural/gene_transcript_representative_map.tsv1.7 MB

    Gene-to-transcript mapping with genomic coordinates and strand; representative_protein=1 marks the selected protein for each gene.

Functional annotationTSV · 9 files
  • 03_functional/OSU_TarKok_3.0_nuclear.functional_annotation.tsv488.0 MB

    Integrated functional annotations for 39,326 nuclear proteins. protein_id matches the protein FASTA; empty cells indicate no reported annotation; multiple plantiSMASH clusters are separated by semicolons.

  • 03_functional/eggnog/OSU_TarKok_3.0_nuclear.emapper.annotations.tsv21.6 MB

    eggNOG-mapper functional and orthology annotations for 35,307 proteins, including GO, KEGG, COG and Pfam assignments; query matches the protein FASTA.

  • 03_functional/iTAK/TF_TR.representative_per_gene.tsv63.5 kB

    iTAK transcription factor (TF) and transcriptional regulator (TR) families for 2,255 representative proteins (1,826 TF and 429 TR).

  • 03_functional/iTAK/shiu_classification.nuclear.tsv35.6 kB

    iTAK kinase-family assignments for 1,409 nuclear proteins; protein_id matches the protein FASTA.

  • 03_functional/iTAK/tf_classification.nuclear.tsv75.3 kB

    iTAK transcription factor (TF) and transcriptional regulator (TR) families for 2,677 nuclear protein isoforms.

  • 03_functional/interproscan/OSU_TarKok_3.0_nuclear.interproscan.tsv1.89 GB

    InterProScan domain and signature matches (348,553 rows). Headerless columns: protein_id, MD5, length, analysis, signature_accession, signature_description, start, end, score, status, date; optional columns: InterPro_accession, InterPro_description, GO, pathways. Match coordinates are 1-based and inclusive.

  • 03_functional/tracks/dbcan.nuclear.tsv529.3 kB

    dbCAN carbohydrate-active enzyme families, subfamilies and number of supporting tools per protein; empty cells indicate no reported annotation.

  • 03_functional/tracks/kofamscan.nuclear.tsv1.3 MB

    KofamScan KEGG Orthology (KO) assignments, thresholds, scores and definitions per protein; empty cells indicate no reported annotation.

  • 03_functional/tracks/targetp2_localization.nuclear.tsv565.0 kB

    TargetP 2 targeting-peptide predictions for 39,326 proteins: SP, signal peptide; mTP, mitochondrial; cTP, chloroplast; luTP, thylakoid lumen; noTP, no targeting peptide predicted.

Non-coding RNAGFF3 · TSV · 2 files
  • 04_ncRNA/OSU_TarKok_3.0_nuclear.ncRNA.gff32.7 MB

    Combined nuclear non-coding RNA predictions (18,630 records), including rRNA, tRNA and other ncRNAs. GFF3 coordinates are 1-based and inclusive.

  • 04_ncRNA/OSU_TarKok_3.0_nuclear.ncRNA.tsv2.7 MB

    Tabular nuclear non-coding RNA predictions (18,630 records), with genomic coordinates, RNA classes and prediction attributes; coordinates are 1-based and inclusive.

Repeats & transposable elementsGFF3 · 3 files
  • 05_repeats_TE/OSU_TarKok_3.0_nuclear.EDTA.TEanno.gff3159.2 MB

    Genome-wide EDTA transposable-element annotations in GFF3; coordinates are 1-based and inclusive.

  • 05_repeats_TE/OSU_TarKok_3.0_nuclear.EDTA.intact.gff343.7 MB

    Genome-wide EDTA annotations of intact transposable elements in GFF3; coordinates are 1-based and inclusive.

  • 05_repeats_TE/OSU_TarKok_3.0_nuclear.RepeatMasker.gff3361.0 MB

    RepeatMasker nuclear repeat annotations in GFF3. Coordinates are 1-based and inclusive; repeat_group links fragments of the same repeat; Target gives valid repeat-consensus coordinates.

Biosynthetic gene clustersGFF3 · TSV · 3 files
  • 06_plantiSMASH/OSU_TarKok_3.0_nuclear.plantismash.clusters.gff36.2 kB

    Genomic intervals of 42 predicted plantiSMASH biosynthetic gene clusters. GFF3 coordinates are 1-based and inclusive.

  • 06_plantiSMASH/OSU_TarKok_3.0_nuclear.plantismash.clusters.tsv2.0 kB

    Identifiers, genomic coordinates and types of 42 predicted plantiSMASH biosynthetic gene clusters; coordinates are 1-based and inclusive.

  • 06_plantiSMASH/OSU_TarKok_3.0_nuclear.plantismash.gene_membership.tsv23.3 kB

    Nuclear gene membership in predicted plantiSMASH biosynthetic gene clusters; one row per gene–cluster pair.

Comparative orthologyTSV · tree · 6 files
  • 08_OrthoFinder/OSU_TarKok_3.0_nuclear.orthogroup_assignments.tsv1.2 MB

    Orthogroup assignments for 34,637 OSU representative proteins and their gene IDs: 32,795 assigned and 1,842 unassigned.

  • 08_OrthoFinder/Orthogroups.GeneCount.tsv989.2 kB

    Gene counts for 33,849 orthogroups across eight proteomes; Total is the sum across proteomes. Proteome labels are defined in Orthogroups.tsv.README.txt.

  • 08_OrthoFinder/Orthogroups.tsv4.3 MB

    Protein membership of 33,849 orthogroups across eight proteomes from seven species; multiple protein IDs are comma-separated. Proteomes: C_endivia=Cichorium endivia; C_intybus=Cichorium intybus; L_saligna=Lactuca saligna; L_sativa=Lactuca sativa; L_virosa=Lactuca virosa; T_mongolicum=Taraxacum mongolicum; Tks_OSU=Taraxacum kok-saghyz OSU; Tks_TK1151=Taraxacum kok-saghyz TK1151.

  • 08_OrthoFinder/Orthogroups_SingleCopyOrthologues.txt49.5 kB

    Identifiers of 4,954 orthogroups containing exactly one gene in each of the eight proteomes; membership is listed in Orthogroups.tsv.

  • 08_OrthoFinder/SpeciesTree_rooted_node_labels.txt0.3 kB

    Rooted phylogenetic tree of the eight proteomes in Newick format, with branch lengths and internal node labels. Proteome labels are defined in Orthogroups.tsv.README.txt.

  • 08_OrthoFinder/Tks_OSU__v__Tks_TK1151.tsv902.5 kB

    Orthology relationships between Taraxacum kok-saghyz OSU and TK1151 proteins: 21,706 rows, including 16,227 one-to-one relationships; comma-separated IDs represent multiple orthologues.

Nuclear genomesPublic

OSU TarKok 2.0

GCA_047496595.1
NCBI Datasets

Public nuclear assembly and submitted annotation from Ohio State. NCBI Datasets provides the available sequence and annotation download options.

All links & study details

Earlier version. Do not use this accession as a download for OSU TarKok 3.0.

Chloroplast genomesPublic

OH-1004 · chloroplast

PZ899947.1
GenBank record

151,316 bp chloroplast sequence. The manuscript describes a reference-guided consensus.

Files, inventory & details

The GenBank sequence is public. The six curated annotation files in the OSU release package await Zenodo deposition.

Zenodo downloads pending. File names and sizes are listed below. The inventory contains metadata, not the sequence files.

Chloroplast annotationGFF3 · FASTA · 6 files
  • 07_chloroplast/OSU_TarKok_3.0_chloroplast.curated.gff374.7 kB

    Curated chloroplast gene annotations in GFF3, including CDS, tRNA and rRNA features; coordinates are 1-based and inclusive. Multipart CDS and translation exceptions are retained.

  • 07_chloroplast/chloroplast.cds.fa90.0 kB

    Chloroplast coding DNA sequences: 88 CDS records.

  • 07_chloroplast/chloroplast.genes_with_introns.fa122.2 kB

    Chloroplast gene sequences: 134 records, including introns where present.

  • 07_chloroplast/chloroplast.proteins.fa36.7 kB

    Chloroplast protein sequences: 88 records.

  • 07_chloroplast/chloroplast.rRNA.fa10.0 kB

    Chloroplast ribosomal RNA sequences: 8 records.

  • 07_chloroplast/chloroplast.tRNA.fa6.3 kB

    Chloroplast transfer RNA sequences: 37 records.

Genomic reads & mapping

10

Genome sequencing, Hi-C / Omni-C, optical mapping, RAD-seq and target capture.

Genomic readsPublic

OSU study · population resequencing

SRR40406659–SRR40406866
SRA runs

208 low-pass whole-genome runs representing 187 BioSamples. BioProject PRJNA792143.

All links & study details

Run count is not individual count. These population samples are associated with the study; they are not all OH-1004.

Genome sequencingPublic

TK1151 · sequencing & optical mapping

CRA010603 / PRJCA000437
GSA record

PacBio RS II genomic reads (CRR730976), Illumina Hi-C (CRR730975) and BioNano optical mapping (CRR730974) associated with the TK1151 assembly.

All links & study details

Sequence reads and optical maps are different data types. See the GSA record for files.

Genome sequencingPublic

Taraxacum reference genomes — mixed-species project

PRJCA005187 / CRA004216
BioProject

Reference-genome project covering T. kok-saghyz and T. mongolicum; sequencing data in CRA004216.

All links & study details

Mixed-species project. Check the organism on each sample before downloading.

Genomic readsPublic

Genomic reads for microsatellite marker development

PRJNA505305 / SRP168541
ENA study / files

One TKS genomic read dataset used in microsatellite marker development. 1 TKS run.

All links & study details

Illumina MiSeq. Submitted reads are described as trimmed in the source paper.

RNA-seq

14

Expression studies, tissue libraries and experimental treatments.

RNA-seqPublic

Tissue RNA-seq · Lin et al. (2018)

CRA003851 / PRJCA000437
GSA record

TKS tissue RNA-seq, including latex, leaves, roots, flower, peduncle and young stem; Illumina HiSeq X Ten paired-end data.

All links & study details

Original repository: PRJCA000437. Individual sample and run metadata are available from GSA.

RNA-seqPublic

Developing ovaries

PRJDB36270 / DRP014087
ENA study / files

TKS subset of a sexual/apomictic dandelion comparison. Native project PRJCA027669; 9 TKS runs, not all 18 experiments in the multispecies project.

All links & study details

Illumina NovaSeq 6000.

RNA-seqPublic

Methyl jasmonate response

PRJNA745038 / SRP327773
ENA study / files

Transcriptome study of TKS response to methyl jasmonate; description verified in ENA project. 9 TKS runs.

All links & study details

Illumina HiSeq 4000.

RNA-seqPublic

TKS RNA-seq within an Asteraceae project

PRJNA681093 / SRP320053
ENA study / files

TKS RNA-seq records within a multi-species project whose title names Chrysanthemum lavandulifolium. The ENA taxon filter identifies 12 TKS runs; the entire project is not a TKS genome.

All links & study details

Illumina HiSeq 2000.

RNA-seqPublic

Tissue transcriptomes

PRJNA931633 / SRP421304
ENA study / files

Normal TKS transcriptomes; ENA sample titles include LEV, LAT, and ROO. Tissue abbreviations are not expanded without independent evidence. 9 TKS runs.

All links & study details

Illumina HiSeq 4000.

RNA-seqPublic

TkCPT knockout transcriptomes

PRJCA031751 / CRA020043
BioProject

WT and TkCPT mutants in rubber particle biogenesis study; NGDC lists 15 BioSamples. Taxonomy is Taraxacum in the repository, but project title and cited paper explicitly identify T. kok-saghyz.

All links & study details

Genome TK20 is described in the associated paper as available on request; no public assembly download is listed here.

Transcriptome assemblies

1

Assembled transcript sequences and their deposited records.

Chloroplast genomes

3

Organellar sequences and their matching annotations.

Chloroplast genomesPublic

OH-1004 · chloroplast

PZ899947.1
Genome FASTA

151,316 bp chloroplast sequence. The manuscript describes a reference-guided consensus.

Files, inventory & details

The GenBank sequence is public. The six curated annotation files in the OSU release package await Zenodo deposition.

Zenodo downloads pending. File names and sizes are listed below. The inventory contains metadata, not the sequence files.

Chloroplast annotationGFF3 · FASTA · 6 files
  • 07_chloroplast/OSU_TarKok_3.0_chloroplast.curated.gff374.7 kB

    Curated chloroplast gene annotations in GFF3, including CDS, tRNA and rRNA features; coordinates are 1-based and inclusive. Multipart CDS and translation exceptions are retained.

  • 07_chloroplast/chloroplast.cds.fa90.0 kB

    Chloroplast coding DNA sequences: 88 CDS records.

  • 07_chloroplast/chloroplast.genes_with_introns.fa122.2 kB

    Chloroplast gene sequences: 134 records, including introns where present.

  • 07_chloroplast/chloroplast.proteins.fa36.7 kB

    Chloroplast protein sequences: 88 records.

  • 07_chloroplast/chloroplast.rRNA.fa10.0 kB

    Chloroplast ribosomal RNA sequences: 8 records.

  • 07_chloroplast/chloroplast.tRNA.fa6.3 kB

    Chloroplast transfer RNA sequences: 37 records.

Epigenomics

1

Bisulfite sequencing and methylome studies.

Proteomics

1

Deposited mass-spectrometry datasets.

ProteomicsPublic

WT and TkCPT1/2 mutant latex proteomics

OMIX007750
OMIX files

Open-access mass-spectrometry proteomics: 6 ZIP files for WT and double-mutant latex.

All links & study details

Repository entry lists open-access data; use the record to select files.

Processed & supplementary data

1

Analysis tables and other reusable study outputs.

Processed dataPublic

Population diversity supplementary tables

10.5061/dryad.qnk98sfgh
Dryad dataset

Six supplementary Excel tables covering sample information, SNP summary statistics, candidate-gene annotations, AMOVA, Fst, and KEGG enrichment.

All links & study details

Six XLSX tables; this record does not provide a VCF, FASTA or raw sequencing reads.

A record may appear under more than one data type. Counts above refer to distinct records, not individual files or samples.

SOURCE LITERATURE

References & repository records

21 sources

Cite the original data producers when using these resources. Repository records and unpublished material are identified separately from published articles.

  1. Lin et al. (2018)

    Lin T, Xu X, Ruan J, et al. (2018). Genome analysis of Taraxacum kok-saghyz Rodin provides new insights into rubber biosynthesis. National Science Review 5(1):78–87. DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwx101

  2. Lin et al. (2022)

    Lin T, Xu X, Du H, et al. (2022). Extensive sequence divergence between the reference genomes of Taraxacum kok-saghyz and Taraxacum mongolicum. Science China Life Sciences 65:515–528. DOI: 10.1007/s11427-021-2033-2

  3. Zhang et al. (2017)

    Zhang Y, Iaffaldano BJ, Zhuang X, Cardina J, Cornish K. (2017). Chloroplast genome resources and molecular markers differentiate rubber dandelion species from weedy relatives. BMC Plant Biology 17:34. DOI: 10.1186/s12870-016-0967-1

  4. Xu et al. (2025)

    Xu T, et al. (2025). Rubber biosynthesis drives the biogenesis and development of rubber particles, the rubber-producing organelles. Plant Biotechnology Journal. DOI: 10.1111/pbi.70052

  5. Sadyrova et al. (2025)

    Sadyrova G, Taskuzhina A, Pozharskiy A, et al. (2025). Insights into Biological and Ecological Features of Four Rare and Endemic Plants from the Northern Tian Shan (Kazakhstan). Plants 14(15):2305. DOI: 10.3390/plants14152305

  6. ENA record

    European Nucleotide Archive. Public sequencing records for Taraxacum kok-saghyz (taxon 333970), retrieved 14 October 2026. Individual project records are linked in the catalog. Query and run metadata

  7. NCBI record

    Ohio State University. OSU_TarKok_2.0, accession GCA_047496595.1, released 7 February 2025. Assembly and annotation metadata from NCBI Datasets. Assembly record

  8. Roelfs et al. (2024)

    Roelfs et al. (2024). Epigenetic variation in early and late flowering plants of the rubber-producing Russian dandelion Taraxacum koksaghyz provides insights into the regulation of flowering time. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54862-8

  9. Staton and Burke (2015)

    Staton and Burke (2015). Evolutionary transitions in the Asteraceae coincide with marked shifts in transposable element abundance. DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1830-8

  10. Nowicki et al. (2019)

    Nowicki et al. (2019). Taraxacum kok-saghyz (rubber dandelion) genomic microsatellite loci reveal modest genetic diversity and cross-amplify broadly to related species. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38532-8

  11. Underwood et al. (2022)

    Underwood et al. (2022). A PARTHENOGENESIS allele from apomictic dandelion can induce egg cell division without fertilization in lettuce. DOI: 10.1038/s41588-021-00984-y

  12. Zhang et al. (2021)

    Zhang et al. (2021). Genetic diversity and evolutionary patterns of Taraxacum kok-saghyz Rodin. DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7622

  13. Panara et al. (2018)

    Panara et al. (2018). Comparative transcriptomics between high and low rubber producing Taraxacum kok-saghyz R. plants. DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5287-4

  14. Zhang et al. (2022)

    Zhang et al. (2022). Metabolic and Transcriptomic Analyses Reveal the Effects of Ethephon on Taraxacum kok-saghyz Rodin. DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113548

  15. Wolters et al. (2023)

    Wolters et al. (2023). Overexpression of a pseudo-etiolated-in-light-like protein in Taraxacum koksaghyz leads to a pale green phenotype and enables transcriptome-based network analysis of photomorphogenesis and isoprenoid biosynthesis. DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1228961

  16. Reuse: Du et al. (2024)

    Du et al. (2024). Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of the HMGR Gene Family in Taraxacum kok-saghyz Provide Insights into Its Regulation in Response to Ethylene and Methyl Jsamonate Treatments. This paper reused the dataset; it is not identified here as the original deposition. DOI: 10.3390/plants13182646

  17. Luo et al. (2017)

    Luo et al. (2017). Analysis of the first Taraxacum kok-saghyz transcriptome reveals potential rubber yield related SNPs. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09034-2

  18. Reuse: Wang et al. (2025)

    Wang et al. (2025). Geranyl Diphosphate Synthases GDS 1 and GDS7 Facilitate Natural Rubber Biosynthesis in Taraxacum kok-saghyz Roots. This paper reused the dataset; it is not identified here as the original deposition. DOI: 10.3390/plants14192980

  19. Mandel et al. (2019)

    Mandel et al. (2019). A fully resolved backbone phylogeny reveals numerous dispersals and explosive diversifications throughout the history of Asteraceae. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1903871116

  20. Vargas-Mejía et al. · manuscript

    Vargas-Mejía P, Gutierrez-Manriquez C, Anderson ES, Williams DR, Vega-Arreguín J and Fresnedo-Ramírez J. From chromosome-scale assembly to the mappable genome of rubber dandelion: chromosome reorganization, rubber-pathway coordination, and domestication traits. Author-supplied manuscript v8.7.9 and OSU TarKok 3.0 release files; public article link and DOI pending. Release provenance

  21. GenBank · PZ899947.1

    NCBI GenBank. Taraxacum kok-saghyz OH1004 chloroplast sequence, accession PZ899947.1. Public record checked 14 October 2026. Sequence record

PROVENANCE & AVAILABILITY

About this collection

Public repository records were checked on 14 October 2026. This is a curated directory, not a complete inventory of all TKS datasets. File availability and repository metadata may change.

Assembly versions and study associations

Each nuclear assembly is identified by name and accession. Genome groups include associated study datasets; population samples and experimental lines need not have the reference genotype. Records without a curated assembly association remain under “Other TKS studies”.

OSU TarKok 3.0 release

The file inventory comes from the author-supplied OSU_TarKok_3.0_Zenodo_FINAL package and manuscript v8.7.9. It lists 37 data files. Nuclear assembly and gene counts were checked against the supplied FASTA and GFF3. Zenodo downloads and a DOI will be added after deposition.

Version 3.0 uses OH-1004 PacBio HiFi reads and the existing Omni-C-supported chromosome framework from OSU TarKok 2.0; no new long-range library was generated. The GenBank assembly GCA_047496595.1 and WGS master JAJTUU000000000.1 describe OSU TarKok 2.0, not version 3.0.

Sequencing metadata

The ENA snapshot contains TKS records only (taxon 333970). The OSU project PRJNA792143 / SRP731533 includes 222 public runs. Low-pass sequencing comprises 208 runs representing 187 BioSamples. Blank FASTQ fields indicate that ENA did not provide a file link in the snapshot; use the linked SRA record.

Suggest a resource or report a correction

Send a repository link and its reference. Submissions are saved for review and are not added to the catalog automatically.